In chess, both 1.e4 and 1.c4 are popular opening moves, each setting the stage for very different styles of gameplay. Here's a comparison based on strategic considerations and the types of positions they typically lead to:

1.e4 (King's Pawn Opening)

Philosophy:
The move 1.e4 is focused on claiming the center quickly and preparing for early development of the queen and bishop on the king's side. It's often considered the most direct and aggressive opening move, aiming for open, tactical positions.

Positions:
Leads to more open games with lots of tactical opportunities. It allows for quick development and control of the center, especially the d4 and f4 squares.

Famous Openings:
Some of the main responses and subsequent openings include the Sicilian Defense (1...c5), French Defense (1...e6), Caro-Kann (1...c6), and the Ruy López (1...e5).

Strengths:
Excellent for players who enjoy attacking play and tactical battles. It offers many opportunities for direct confrontation.

Weaknesses:
Can lead to vulnerabilities if the center is not adequately controlled or if development is neglected in favor of premature attacks.

1.c4 (English Opening)

Philosophy:
The move 1.c4 aims for a more flexible and strategic fight for the center. It often transposes into other openings and can lead to a wide variety of positional battles. This move does not commit to controlling the center as directly as 1.e4 but fights for it with a flank pawn, allowing for a more gradual buildup.

Positions:
Leads to more closed or semi-open games with a focus on long-term positional play rather than immediate clashes. It's versatile and can lead to various pawn structures and game plans.

Famous Openings: 
Potentially transposes into d4 openings (like the Queen's Gambit) or can lead to unique systems within the English Opening, depending on how black responds. Key responses from black include 1...e5, 1...c5, and 1...Nf6.

Strengths: 
Offers great flexibility and is less predictable, making it harder for opponents to prepare against. Suited for players who prefer a more gradual, strategic game.

Weaknesses: 
May not suit players who thrive in highly tactical positions since it can lead to slower, more nuanced play.

Conclusion
The choice between 1.e4 and 1.c4 often comes down to personal style and the type of chess a player is most comfortable with. Players seeking open, tactical battles may prefer 1.e4, while those who enjoy maneuvering and positional play may opt for 1.c4. Both moves have been employed by World Champions and have proven effective at all levels of play.